Background Information
Legal Information
  

   As time progresses, the production of biomass energy will have innumerable benefits for society.  This means of energy production is not only cleaner and more accessible than traditional fuels, but also meets the legal requirements the government   has  set   to  protect the   environment.  In fact,   the  United States

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DOE Divisions

government supports the transition from gasoline usage to biofuels usage.  In the U.S.,  the Department of Energy, or DOE, is sponsoring research, development, and demonstrations for groups creating biofuels for use in vehicles.  This research helped create a foundation for the development of alternative fuels, such as methane. (Clean Fuel Fleet Program)

   One of the departments within the DOE, the Office of Transportation Technologies, or OTT, was assigned to assist the Secretary of Energy-Efficiency and Renewable Energy.  In addition to the OTT, other divisions of the DOE like the Governor’s Energy Office, or GEO, have looked at the data from inventories of biomass waste treatment plants and determined that significant amounts of energy can be produced from Florida’s abundant biomass resources.  To facilitate the use of alternative fuels congress passed the Energy Policy Act (EP Act) in 1992.  This act's primary focus was to accelerate the use of alternative fuels in the area of transportation.   Biomass energy production also satisfies the conditions of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) both of which were designed to place restrictions on the discharge of pollutants. (Office of Fuels)

   The first state to avidly propose the use of biofuels was Missouri.  Under the Missouri Air Conservation Law (Missouri Air Conservation Commission), the state government promotes a strict criteria directed towards achieving and maintaining the National Ambient (outdoor) Air Quality Standards.


   The National Biomass Power Program, created by the DOE, must create at least 600 gigawatts of electricity over a period of 10 years in order for the project to continue.  In 1984, Florida began participating with the DOE Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program, (SERBEP). The Governor's Energy Office (GEO) performed a detailed statewide assessment of biomass resources.  This study accumulated data on county inventories of biomass wastes.  The GEO analyzed the data and determined that significant quantities of energy can be produced from Florida's abundant biomass resources. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)


   The DOE, Department of Energy, is sponsoring research, development, demonstration, and commercialization activities to encourage the use of biofuels for transportation.  The Office of Fuels Development, formerly known as the Biofuels System Division, can be found in the OTT division of DOE.  This department is assigned to the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.  The OTT is currently engaged in research on biofuels.  The research activities are managed by the Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Biofuels Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (Office of Fuels)


   One of the DOE's primary goals is to decrease the nation's dependence on foreign oil and increase energy self-sufficiency.  Another one of the DOE's missions is to replace 10% of petroleum based motor fuels by the year 2000, and 30% by 2010 with alternative fuels.  The EP Act currently recognizes methanol and ethanol as alcohol fuels, natural gas which is compressed or liquefied, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, coal derived liquid fuels, along with others as potential alternative fuels.  These fuels are taken from biological materials and electricity (including solar energy).  Furthermore, the DOE is trying to expand this list and obtain new fuels. Vehicles designed by DOE are able to run on any of the above alternative fuels including fuels within the biofuel category.

   The Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed in 1970 to improve air quality nationwide, amended by Congress in 1990 and became a priority of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The 1990 amendment created several initiatives to reinforce the CAA and to reduce automobile pollutants.  The Clean Fuel Fleet Program (CFFP) is one initiative that reinforces the original goals of the CAA.  In cities CFFP worked to ensure air quality by implementing vehicles which will meet clean fuel emissions standards.  The CAA defines a clean fuel as any power source on which a vehicle is certified to meet federal Clean Fuel Vehicle (CFV) emissions standards.  Clean fuels include alternative fuels, oxygenated fuels, reformulated gasoline (RFG) and conventional gasoline. (Clean Fuel Fleet Program)


   The executive order signed by President Clinton in 1996 provides enforceable reporting requirements.  The executive order states that federal agencies must comply with the alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisition requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EP Act), regardless of their budget.  Each federal agency must submit a yearly report on its progress towards meeting EP Act requirements.  Agencies cannot rely on the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) for incremental funding of AFV.  This executive order does not change the EP Act requirements for Federal Fleets. (Transportation Technologies)


   The Energy Policy Act of 1992 mandated a rule which applies to alternative fuel suppliers and some state's government agencies. The Department of Energy (DOE) requires states and alternative fuel providers to acquire alternative fueled vehicles as a specific percentage of their light-duty vehicle, starting with model year 1997.  In previous years, the DOE reported on the progress of all agencies to the Office of Management and Budget. The agencies themselves are now responsible for reporting on their own progress toward meeting EP Act requirements. (Alternative Fuels Data Center)


   A grant has been created to research and develop new methods for controlling air pollution resulting from the combustion of fuels.  There is research being done on the feasibility of using alternative clean fuels instead of conventional gasoline.  The experimentation  with alternative fuels is to determine the risks and benefits to human health and the environment caused by using conventional gasoline and diesel fuels. (Cornell Law School [Legal Information Institute; U.S. Code: Title 42, Section 7404])


   Section 9624 about methane recovery states that equipment used for the recovery or processing (including re-circulation of condensate) of methane cannot be operated by the owner.  The owner or operator of methane recovery equipment may not arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances, which were created from these tools.  Section 9606 and 9607 of this supports our paragraph. (Cornell Law School [Legal Information Institute; U.S. Code: Title 42, Section 9624])


   The Missouri Air Conservation Commission assigned seven members with the permission of the governor,  by the Missouri General Assembly in 1965, to carry out the Missouri Air Conservation Law. The commission was directed toward achieving and maintaining the National Ambient (outdoor) Air Quality Standards. (Missouri Air Conservation Commission)


   The Clean Water Act (CWA) was enacted in 1972 to make America's water safe for fishing and swimming. CWA programs have provided billions of dollars of federal aid to build or upgrade municipal sewage treatment facilities.  CWA is also working to improve other nonpoint sources of pollution.  CWA limits toxic industrial discharges into public sewers, streams, and coasts, combined with storm-water and sewage systems.  Furthermore, the Clean Water Act provides the regulatory tools and financing to build state of the art plants that treat more than 300 million gallons of sewage per day. (Ocean Planet)